Obviously the title isn't literal, but don't let that bother you.
This verse really carries with it two different teachings. The first is obviously about not tempting Christ. We will get into that in just a little bit. The other is that we are told to not tempt Christ "as some of them also tempted". Paul in keeping with the fashion he has in this entire chapter is telling us that we shouldn't tempt Christ as the Israelites tempted Christ. Now wait a second? You mean Christ was in the Old Testament? I thought Christ was just a New Testament person?
In verse four Paul had already linked together the two testaments.
10:4 "And did all drink the same spiritual drink: for they drank of that spiritual Rock that followed them: and that Rock was Christ."
In today's Christian theology there is the idea that the testaments are completely separated, and that the God of the Old Testament is this mean, hateful, vengeful God who likes to smite people, and the God of the New Testament is this loving, gracious, roses and rainbows God who works through Christ. These verses remind us that that is not the case. Hebrews 13:8 tells us "Jesus Christ the same yesterday, to day, and forever". John 1 will tell us that Christ was in the beginning (as the Word) with God, and that by Him (Christ) all things were made. Christ was very much present in the Old Testament as we can plainly see. Obviously He didn't take on the bodily form that He took on out of the womb of Mary, but He was present. Paul therefore tells us not to tempt Christ as the Israelites did.
I don't know if you're picking up in these verses but these verses are, in general, coming from around the time the Israelites were just getting out of Egypt, and starting to find their identity. That's important I think because the church at Corinth is in the same situation. They've just being doing this whole "Christian" thing for about 100 years or less. They're still very young in it.
So how do we tempt Christ? Well the example given to us about Israel involved a time in Israel's life when they had been delivered from 400 years of Egyptian slavery, had been led out of that country by amazing signs and wonders performed by their God, had walked through a sea that was parted for them, had been being led around by this flaming / smoking pillar day and night, but they were doubting God could provide some food and drink for them. They had murmured already many times about the provisions God had provided for them. If they didn't have water, God would give it to them, and they would complain that it was bitter. Give them food literally dropped out of heaven, and they complained it was too bland. In Numbers 26 we see this play out. The people complained about God, and Moses, and doubted. They tempted (tried, pushed) God saying He couldn't do what He promised, that He had just led them out in the wilderness to die. God then sent the fiery serpents into the camp to chastise them.
What's the big picture. In our lives we are called by Christ to "follow me". We are told to "seek the kingdom first, and all it's righteousness, and all these things shall be added unto you". In life when we are trying to seek God's will, His path for us, and we begin to question Him in His execution of the plan we are tempting Him. I give you an example:
"God I thought you had a plan for me. I just lost my job. How's that in your plan? I thought you had thoughts of peace for me, this isn't peace. How are you going to provide for me when you don't even have a job for me? How can I believe what you say if you don't uphold me in all things?"
What we're doing in situations like that is tempting Christ. When He says "I'll never leave you nor forsake you" then we need to bank on that no matter how rough the situation may be. When He asks us to "come follow me" it's not conditional on the fact that the following will lead to a path that is always pleasant without any conflict. As we are traveling in the "wilderness" like the Israelites we have to remember that Christ has promised that He will take care of us. It may not always be in the way we think, or the manner with think it should be accomplished, but He will take care of us. It's not our duty to tempt Him in it, it's our duty to obey Him in all things trusting in His grace.
To listen to the podcast for this series: Zion Rest PBC | Corinthians Series

